ABSTRACT: The overall purpose of this study was to determine how lack of insurance affect access to health care. Access to health care is a supply side issue indicating the level of service that the health care system offers individual and it is necessary to expand on information that can provide insight on the availability of healthcare services. Among the findings was that there is a significant relationship between access to healthcare services and health insurance coverage among uninsured and insured population. About 61.9% (13033) indicated that they did not enrolled in Medicare compared to only 22.5% (4728) people that indicated of having Medicare advantage and only 9% (1898) people indicated of having Medicare plus Medicare supplemental plan. Overall, only 6.6% (1396) indicated that they have other Medicare plan.

ABSTRACT: Civil unrest in Syria that started in March 2011 has resulted in about five million refugees in neighboring countries – many suffering from physical and mental illnesses due to the environment and pathogens, as well as human rights violence and abuse (UNICEF, 2017). The social, economic, and health costs of the conflict have disproportionately affected women and children, who have – typically been targeted in wartime for violence, abuse, and trafficking into forced labor and sex slavery. The objective of this study is to evaluate what many women and children have experienced, given the complexity of the Syria crisis and its pertinent extreme violence and uncertainty. Women and girls experience high levels of trauma, ranging from severe emotional disorder (psychosis, severe depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), severely disabling anxiety, etc.), mild or moderate disorders, and mild or moderate depression and anxiety, among other psychiatric disorders, along with normal distress and other psychological reactions. Those victims of potentially traumatic events are left with the long term effects of clinically relevant PTSD symptoms in addition to stigma and shame (Dadzie, 2017). The goal of this study is to provide the appropriate framework and directions for governments, and public health providers about the necessary interventions and services for those refugees. Such treatments are essential given the high level of physical and mental risk which require early treatment for recovery.

ABSTRACT: The chronic burden of diabetes on the health of individuals has extensive economic and public health impact on the well-being of any nation. Strategies in place to curtail the growing epidemic challenges mediate their interventions through the informative and preventive programs in place. Research being done to overcome these challenges gives hope towards what one can do at an individual level. The journey towards prevention is a long road once the limitations of the healthcare industry are realized.

ABSTRACT: Arkansas (AR) consistently has higher ischemic heart disease (IHD) death rates than the US, which is believed to be due to a higher prevalence in AR of major, modifiable risk factors. We examined the difference in IHD death rates between AR and the US as consequences of differences in the prevalence of nine risk factors between pre-Medicare age group (45-64) and Medicare age group (65-84). We modeled IHD deaths attributable to differential prevalence between AR and the US using mortality data and prevalence data from AR and US for years 2000-2010, and relative risk measures obtained from the INTERHEART and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities studies. From 2000-2010, our study showed that if we were to reduce the prevalence of significant risk factors to US levels, we would reduce AR IHD deaths by 26.6% in the pre-Medicare age group and 15.9% in the Medicare age group. Most of the increased mortality was explained by higher prevalence of smoking and hypertension in AR. Other socioeconomic factors that contributed to an increased risk of poor health outcomes were education, income, and the lack of health insurance; with AR having worse outcomes than the US for the pre-Medicare age group. The importance of risk factors depended on race, sex, and age. The excess mortality in AR relative to the US for the two age groups can largely be explained by prevalence differences in smoking, hypertension, cholesterol, education and income.

ABSTRACT: Mining is a devastating operation that not only destroys the natural ecosystem, particularly whether it may be surface mining or underground mining, but also introduces tremendous distortions into the social fabric. The associated problems of waste disposal, water pollution, air pollution, dereliction, vibrations and blasting, land collapse and drop in water table are, of course marked and perhaps to be expected in any mining operation. But little attention has been paid to the fact that mining in remote areas and the impact on health, hygiene nutrition, sanitation, accidents, and increased intensity of work, market prices, prostitution & antisocial activity is a necessary corollary of mining as it is being practiced today”. Present study relates to the impact study of mining on the quality of water which is the main source of drinking water supply to the state capital city that falls in world’s second largest valley- Doon Valley. The present review was focused on impact of phosphorite mining to the water quality of River Bandal of Maldeota. Water samples were collected and were tested in the laboratory for various physico chemical parameters.